A Research on the Work of Edgar Allan Poe - 1750 Words

Edgar Allan Poe Research Paper Edgar Allan Poe was born on January 19, 1809. He is considered a part of the American Romanticism period. He is best known for his works of mystery and psychological terror. Poe is recognized for his gothic tales of mystery, death, terror, puzzles, and psychological problems (poets.org). He has influenced many writers including Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the author of the Sherlock Holmes series. Poe was different than other authors in that he was influenced by his own current life. He had endured many deaths and dark periods. His mother died of tuberculosis and so did his foster mother later on. His wife, Virginia Clemm, also died from this terrible disease. This especially was evident in his works. She†¦show more content†¦He is a detective who works independently. Madame LEspanaye and her daughter are murdered. Dupin hears about this and offers his services to the prefect of police. He then concludes that the suspect is not human. Dupin finds a rather unusual piece of ev idence: a hair of an orangutan. It is revealed that the orangutan did commit the crime. In â€Å"The Murders in the Rue Morgue†, the terror is obvious. The killing of the Madame and her daughter. The body was shoved up the chimney, head first. Although this is a detective story, Poe incorporates the detailed murder to demonstrate the difference. There is an impulse toward rationality which distinguishes the horror from the detective form (Pollin 1977). This short story presents perfectly the use of puzzles to compare and contrast in real situations. In the beginning of the story, the narrator explains the use of intellect through chess. There are two types of untangling a problem, first through a chess players eyes. Looking at a board and the pieces and deciding the next move. Second, through the rules of Hoyle. They have to memorize the rules like a chess player but also deduce what the opponent is doing. So, with puzzles, Poe incorporates deductive logic in Dupin. Dupin’s intellect seems to be based on more than rational analytical genius. He is able to analyze other people and consequently able to see problems where others cannot (Dalhousie 2012). â€Å"‘TheShow MoreRelatedBrianna Ruiz-Vannerson. Leonard Miller. Enc1102. Feb. 231548 Words   |  7 PagesMiller ENC1102 Feb. 23 2017 The Compelling Mind of Edgar Allan Poe Through: â€Å"Lenore† and â€Å"The Raven† Throughout the life of esteemed author Edgar Allan Poe, there have been many time that this extraordinary man’s life has been turned upside down with grief. His first encounter with this wretched demon was when he was no older than three years of age. The mother who birthed him dies and his father abandons them before her death (â€Å"Edgar Allan Poe†). He then is separated from his brother and sisterRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe Biography. By. Alyssa Marshall.1260 Words   |  6 Pages Edgar Allan Poe Biography By Alyssa Marshall Mrs. Guinn English III March 6, 2017 Abstract Edgar Allan Poe was a writer in the â€Å"Gothic Era†, many of his stories genres are horror like â€Å" The Masque of The Red Death†, mystery such as â€Å" The Fall of The House of Usher†, lost love as in â€Å" The Raven†, and obsession such as â€Å" The Pit and The Pendulum†. Edgar’s poemsRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe; Fame Inspired by a Tragic Life865 Words   |  4 Pagespoet, Edgar Allan Poe, had been plagued by grief from an early age. He was an amazing poet and author who just happened to have a darker story. Many who have studied this prestigious man feel that his works, though magnificent, were extremely dark. Some believe it was nothing more then a fancy for him to spin such gruesome tales. Others feel his work was manipulated by the misfortune of his past. These people have actually found evidence that agrees with this statement. The works of Edgar Allan PoeRead MoreThe Writings of Edgar Allan Poe803 Words   |  3 PagesEdgar Alla n Poe The amazing, the people who inspire, who make people feel something with words on paper, authors. Authors have a special ability to create a separate world, but a great author lets us into their world and makes us feel something when we read their work. From all of the research Colton Coverston has done, he has come to the conclusion that Edgar Allan Poe should be in the top fifth American Authors on a top twenty greatest American author list. Edgar Allan Poe has written many piecesRead More Edgar Allen Poe Essay1637 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allen Poe Edgar Allen Poes life was bombarded with misery, financial problems, and death but he still managed to become a world-renowned writer. Although he attended the most prestigious of schools he was often looked over as a writer and poet during his career. His stories were odd and misunderstood during their time. However, now they are loved a read by millions. On January 19, 1809 Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts at a lodging house. His parents David and ElizabethRead MoreThe Biography Of Edgar Allan Poe841 Words   |  4 PagesWaylon Wishon English III Research Paper 16- May- 2017 The Biography of Edgar Allan Poe â€Å"Lord, help my poor soul†, the last and final words of the amazing writer, Edgar Allan Poe, before his sudden death in 1849. Edgar Allan Poe wrote dark and treacherous stories and poems that often lead to the questioning of his mental state. Poe lived a rather difficult life in which writing was his escape. He at one time was in so much debt that he could have never payed it back even if his career took offRead MoreEdgar Allan Poes Sorrows1033 Words   |  5 Pagessorrows. Edgar Allan Poe is considered one of the greatest of his time. He lived with his parents No sooner than his father had left his mother passed. She died from tuberculosis at the mere age of twenty four. Poe and his siblings were by her side until her last breath. He later became the dependent of John Allan of Richmond, Virginia hence Allan being Poe’s middle name. The Allans were quite fond of young Poe as they had no children. Frances Allan was very motherly and nurturing towards Poe whichRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe1245 Words   |  5 Pagesbe discussing about my poet Edgar Allan Poe. Poe had written numerous of poems and stories but the one I chose was â€Å"Annabel Lee†. This poem was written in 1849 which was a long time ago. Even though this poem is centuries old, it is still a well known poem. This whole project includes a biography, literary movement, and a explication about the poem. The biography includes where Poe grew up and how his lifestyle were. Through research and sources, I found out that Poe lived a hard life. He was inRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s Poetry1327 Words   |  6 PagesThis research paper will focus on Edgar Allan Poe’s poetry. In Charles May’s bibliography of Poe, he states that â€Å"Poe gained great recognition in the early 1840’s for his creation of a genre that has grown in popularity ever since — the tale of ratiocination, or detective story, which features an amateur sleuth who by his superior deductive abilities outsmarts criminals and outclasses the police.† Along with creating the detective genre, he also created a more modern science fiction genre when heRead MoreThe Pit And The Pendulum By Edgar Allan Poe852 Words   |  4 Pages Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe is a well known American author whose works continue to influence literature today. His difficult life was impactful on his writing. He is mostly known for his dark writings, but he was also a talented adventure author. Poe’s past and the influence it had on his writing makes him an interesting author to research. â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† as well as â€Å"The Pit and the Pendulum† are two of Poe’s well known short stories. â€Å"The Pit and the Pendulum† is written in a way that

The Wild Of The Innocent - 2000 Words

Through the Eyes of the Innocent Whether you ride English or Western saddle we can all agree that the horse contains a special place in our hearts. â€Å"The one thing you need to know about horses, says Jim Stitt, is they love to work and perform.† (Fong, Petty. It Was Urban Vs Cowboys in Fight for Animal Rights.) The horse has been used all throughout history from the Spanish Conquistadors to the Englishman during the American Revolution. Now horses can be found on race tracks, rodeos, shows, large and small farms, and slaughter homes. Even though some horse owners claim abuse is nothing more than discipline, and horse meat is high in protein, low in fat, and helps slaughter homes gain bigger profits and investment from overseas companies, horse abuse and slaughter should not be taken lightly because it is inhumane to abuse a horse to the brink of death and claim it is â€Å"discipline,† most slaughter homes are in insalubrious conditions and environments, and most horse abuse is done inside slaught er homes. Discipline is no longer discipline when the horse is at the brink of death. The type of abuse depends on the activities the horses do. Abuse and Discipline are two different things. One is not followed by the other. Discipline is used to correct and train a horse to not make the same mistake over again. Abuse is used to torment and torture the horse for no reason until the horse is dead. â€Å"That quality that we love is also a quality that allows people to abuse them†¦ TheyShow MoreRelatedThe Innocent Little Wild - Original Writing1092 Words   |  5 PagesThe innocent little human nervously fiddled with a piece of her long hair. She blushed until her face was bright scarlet. Scenting her arousal did things to him. The feelings her scent provoked were difficult to control. He craved the pleasure of tasting her. Once her honey was on his tongue, it only made him want more. It pleased him greatly to see her beautiful body writhing beneath him. To give a woman such inte nse pleasure, was the mark of a truly superior lover. She was lucky to beRead MoreLife Can Change In A Blink Of An Eye.The Ones You Call1292 Words   |  6 Pagesall came down to the testimony of one eyewitness, Jay Wilds, who said it was Syed who killed Lee. Sarah Koenig the creator and host of Serial, recaps details about the day Hae Min Lee was murdered, Serial goes on to prove that Syed should have never been convicted of Lee’s murder, which leads me to believe Adnan Syed is innocent of the crime he has served over fifteen years of life in prison for. In the justice system, people are usually innocent until proven guilty. For Adnan Syed that was differentRead More Illusions and Realities in Ibsen’s Plays The Wild Duck and Ghosts805 Words   |  4 PagesIllusions and Realities in Ibsen’s Plays The Wild Duck and Ghosts In Ibsen’s The Wild Duck, illusions and reality are set into a conflict within the story of a son’s personal desire to confront idealism. Throughout much of the play, the son, Greger, argues the value of truth with the reluctant Dr. Relling. Relling insists on the importance of illusions, but fails to discourage Greger’s intentions and a play that begins as a comedy quickly turns into a tragedy because of these conflictsRead MoreWhale And Dolphin Conservation For Seaworld s Three Parks1235 Words   |  5 PagesSeaWorld. There are currently 58 orcas residing in 14 marine parks in eight different countries. 24 of those orcas are held in SeaWorld’s three parks in the United States. Since 2002, 14 have been taken out of the wild and put into these marine parks. (â€Å"The Fate†1) It is not fair for these innocent creatures to be physically and mentally manipulated and damaged. Such brutality would not be condoned if it were targeted towards a hum an, and it should not be condoned when targeted toward an animal. Orca whalesRead More The Ages Of Poetry Essay1143 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Blake in their poems quot;Nutting,quot; and quot;The Tyger.quot; Also, Gioia has captured the wild-like and untamable demeanor of nature that many English Romantics have similarly captured. Finally, Gioia uses the concept of the sublime in his poetry to the extent that nature becomes dangerous to humans. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Many English Romantic poets have written about the innocent and purity that can be found in nature. In Wordsworths quot;Nutting,quot; he comments on the beautyRead MoreMan s Inhumanity Towards His Fellow Man1523 Words   |  7 Pagesclass who never have hope or help in gaining status. Dickens develops the idea of man’s inhumanity towards his fellow man through the spiteful beheading of an innocent peasant seamstress, Monseigneur Evremonde’s selfish killing of two innocent siblings, and Madame Defarge’s rapacious need for the Evremonde’s demise. The poor, innocent seamstress, portraying all those wrongfully murdered because of corruption following the uprising, is unfairly imprisoned and beheaded, even though she is partRead More The Stolen Child by W.B. Yeats Essay806 Words   |  4 PagesThe Stolen Child by W.B. Yeats   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Stolen Child†, a poem by W.B. Yeats, can be analyzed on several levels. The poem is about a group of faeries that lure a child away from his home â€Å"to the waters and the wild†(chorus). On a more primary level the reader can see connections made between the faery world and freedom as well as a societal return to innocence. On a deeper and second level the reader can infer Yeats’ desire to see a unified Ireland of simpler times. The poem uses vivid imageryRead MoreImperfection In The Scarlet Letter1098 Words   |  5 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne uses the symbolism of the Wild Rosebush, Hester’s Cabin, and the sunlight and the forest to contribute to the overall theme of imperfection. To begin, Hawthorne uses the Wild Rosebush to contribute to the overall theme of imperfection. The Wild Rosebush is a symbol for good being in evil and evil being in good. It also shows how sin can be beautiful and nature can be bad, like a rose with thorns. Hawthorne transitions into the story using the Wild Rosebush and uses it throughout the storyRead MoreAppearance vs. Reality, Isolation, and Good Can Come from Evil in The Scarlet Letter 971 Words   |  4 Pagesbeing after Dimmesdale dies. Hawthorne gives insight when he describes pearl as, Pearl, that wild and flighty little elf, stole softly towards him, and taking his hand in the grasp of both of her own, laid her cheek against it; a caress so tender, and withal so unobtrusive, that her mother, who was looking on, asked herself, Is that my Pearl? (115). This shows who Pearl truly is; she is just an innocent girl, but people think she is the complete opposite. The author, Hawthorne, gives his inputRead MoreSymbolism In The S carlet Letter1101 Words   |  5 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne uses the symbolism of the Wild Rosebush, Hester’s Cabin, and the sunlight and the forest to contribute to the overall theme of imperfection. To begin, Hawthorne uses the Wild Rosebush to contribute to the overall theme of imperfection. The Wild Rosebush is a symbol for good being in evil and evil being in good. It also shows how sin can be beautiful and nature can be bad, like a rose with thorns. Hawthorne transitions into the story using the Wild Rosebush and uses it throughout the story

Concepts and Cases Corporate Social Responsibility

Question: Discuss about the Concepts and Cases for Corporate Social Responsibility. Answer: Introduction: As part of the BHP Billion Ltd, I have been given the responsibility to examine the catastrophic failure that took place in Brazil in the month of November 2015 from an ethical point of view. The role and responsibilities of a civil engineer from an ethical perspective is contained in Engineers Australia Code of Ethics (Harris et al. 2013). It is expected from the engineers to practice their knowledge in the field of their area and expertise. As an engineer, it is important to have a set of ethical framework that guides their working and functioning, especially in a dilemma. Thus, it may be said that there are many utilities of the ethical framework provided to a manager. It is expected from engineers to act with honesty and with good conscience. They are expected to be trustworthy and respect the dignity of others. This means that those who qualify as civil engineers need to work impartially and without favour to others (Byrne et al. 2013). In this case study as well, I should have also acted impartially and informed the people about the dangers that were coming on their way. I failed to tell them that the dam would collapse soon. As an ethical engineer, I should have acted with integrity. An engineer can act competently only if they are able to develop themselves personally by learning from their leaders and peers. They are to practice within their area of competence and not to claim skills beyond the ones they possess (Baillie and Levine 2013). From the given case study as well, it may be said that as a civil engineer I should have acted competently to overcome the given dilemma as well. Following a proper ethical framework can be very helpful, specifically in the capacity of the Manager. Ethics impose obligations on a person and make professionals accountable for their actions. Ethical guidelines help professionals in making decisions easily and this allows them to overcome situations that involve dilemma (Campopiano and De Massis 2015). Thus, as a civil engineer I should have analysed the case to give it a more fair and just outcome. I should have taken initiatives at a personal level to overcome the issues related with the Samrco dam. There are many advantages of securing ethical values and principles through an appropriate regulatory framework. One of the advantages of having an ethical principle through an appropriate legal framework is that it keeps the professional accountable for their actions. A regulatory framework lays specific rules clearly stating the exact rules that are applicable to people (Harris et al. 2013). In the given case as well, it would have been very helpful if a regulatory framework were provided so that the professionals would know the guidelines of their actions at the time of emergencies. The feasibility of their actions can be stated as part of the framework. When emergencies such as flood or collapse of dam take place, existence of an ethical framework is important as it helps the people to know about their limitations of actions (Baillie and Levine 2013). Therefore, it is important to have a proper regulatory framework for securing ethical values. Law is a reflection of the changes that take place in the society and it acts as an instrument of change especially in the area of law reform. Understanding that legal principles can be easily changed it is important that managers be active in bringing about effective change to improve business activity. Managers should use law as a very valuable tool to achieve management goals. The recommendations that are provided to the Board in the managerial capacity are as follows: Renegotiation of the labour contracts with proper approval of the authorities: This can be a very helpful method, as many labours employed for construction of the dam were not properly bound by the labour contracts. A labour contract makes the employees accountable of their actions. If employees become aware of the fact that their actions are answerable they shall take their job seriously and they shall become more aware of their job responsibilities knowing that they may have to face criticisms in case an accident take place (Miranda and Marques 2016). Sell or Lease the local assets of the village of the Brazilian Village: Selling or leasing of the land that are remains of the flood may generate income for the people living in the village as well as for the organisations involved in the carelessness of the collapse of the dam. With the income that shall be generated from the selling or leasing of the local assets shall be utilised for the benefit of the local people this shall help BHP Billion in winning the confidence of the people (Jacobsen 2016). Revision of the contractual obligations: This shall enable BHP Billion to make more stringent terms and conditions regarding the working of the people who work on contractual basis. Working on a contractual basis makes people less responsible and less serious about their activities. The collapse of the dam was, in a way, an outcome of less stringent terms of the contract. Thus, if contractual terms of the contract are revised, people shall become more careful as any act that is against the terms of the contract may become breach of contract (Schoenberger 2016). Compliance with the environmental laws: The collapse of the dam caused a lot of destruction to the environment. The waste that was released from the mining process reached the Atlantic Coast contaminating the water and making it unsuitable for the use of the people. Moreover, the river of Doce was also harmed by the mud and iron ore release making the water dangerous for consummation (Adams 2016). Thus, it is a recommendation to the Board to take actions for the betterment of the people and make the environment suitable for the usage of the people. Protection of the environment is one of the most important factors that should be considered so that the corporation is able to conduct their business in an effective manner. Date: 1st September 2016 To: Senior Vice President Re: BetterCar Ltd Rights and Responsibilities Sir, Based on the facts, the issue that arises here is, whether the capping of the amount that is to be paid as compensation is legal or not and what are the responsibilities and rights of the company arising out of the situation. To avoid the risk of management, one of the most effective tools is the inclusion of the clause of limitation of liability (Micklitz and Reich 2014). This is considered as the most effective tool for avoiding the risk of management. Thus, it is important to understand that not all limitation and exclusion clauses are valid. Exclusion or a limitation clause can be declared as invalid if the clause denies legal rights that should have been stated otherwise. Generally, in such cases, the Courts interpret the clause in the favour of the party who relied on such a provision (McKendrick 2014). Specifically, if the given situation is such that, one of the parties to the contract is in a more powerful position to bargain as compared to the other party, then in such case s the Courts prefer examining the exclusionary clause more closely. The person who places his reliance on the exclusionary clause, has to show to the Court that he acted by placing his belief on the exclusionary clause. Thus, it may said that in the given case study as well, BC introduced a limiting clause as part the contract and insisted the customers to go through the contract. The limiting or the exclusionary clause was introduced as part of the Unfair Contract Terms Act in the year 1977. It is an obligation of the company to make sure that the terms included in the contract are not unfair and that they are reasonable to be included as part of the contract. This is enumerated in Section 11 of the Unfair Contract Terms Act, 1977. The Act states the guidelines that have to be followed with respect to the element of reasonableness (Goldberger 2016). Under Schedule 2 of the UCTA the guidelines that are company should follow are: The parties to the contract should have relative bargaining capabilities The customer should not be induced for the acceptance of the terms of the contract The customer should be aware that such a clause existed at the time of making the contract In case where a liability clause existed in the contract and there was no compliance with the condition, the compliance with that condition at the time when the contract was made was likelihood If the goods were made on special order (Poole 2016) In the given case study as well, though there was existence of bargaining clause on the part of the company, however the company attempted to explain the clause to the customers. Moreover, the customers were not induced to form part of the contract with the company. The company did not induce the customers to sign the contract having the limitation clause. Many companies have clauses relating to limitation of liability and companies face issues about it. It also to be noted in this regard that, where there are clauses relating to recovery of money from the people or consumers shall not be given the status of exclusionary clause. This was decided in the case of Ailsa Craig Fishing Co. Ltd v Malvern Fishing Co. Ltd. Thus, it may be held that since the contract was signed validly and the limitation clause was explained to the consumers at the time of making the contract, the company has the right to claim the amount, which has been limited according to the contract, is lawful (Cartwright 2016). However, there is responsibility on the part of the BC as well. According to the Sale of Goods Act, 1979 there is an implied warranty that sellers give to the customers with respect to the quality of goods. As per the warranty given to the customers, it is the duty of the seller to ensure that the goods match with the description that is promised to the customers. If sellers do not comply with this warranty it is considered that they have breached their duty as a seller (Hondius 2016). Thus, it is important that companies comply with this warranty so that customers are not dissatisfied with the quality of the good. Under Section 6 subsection 2 of the UCTA, it has been said that sellers may be held liable for breach of warranty if they do not comply with the provisions of the given section. Moreover, it is also to be noted here that if the company gave reasonable time to the customers for reviewing the product then the company shall not be liable for breach of warranty (O'Sullivan and Hilliard 2016). Conclusively, it may held that the company BC did no wrong against the customers as it gave time to the customers for reviewing the clause and did not induce customers for forming part of the contract. References: Adams, M.A., 2016. Contemporary case studies in corporate governance failures.Governance Directions,68(6), p.335. Baillie, C. and Levine, M., 2013. Engineering ethics from a justice perspective: A critical repositioning of what it means to be an engineer.International Journal of Engineering, Social Justice, and Peace,2(1), pp.10-20. Byrne, E.P., Desha, C.J., Fitzpatrick, J.J. and Charlie Hargroves, K., 2013. Exploring sustainability themes in engineering accreditation and curricula.International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education,14(4), pp.384-403. Campopiano, G. and De Massis, A., 2015. Corporate social responsibility reporting: A content analysis in family and non-family firms.Journal of Business Ethics,129(3), pp.511-534. Cartwright, J., 2016.Contract law: An introduction to the English law of contract for the civil lawyer. Bloomsbury Publishing. Goldberger, J., 2016. Unconscionable conduct and unfair contract terms.Commercial Law Quarterly: The Journal of the Commercial Law Association of Australia,30(2), p.17. Harris Jr, C.E., Pritchard, M.S., Rabins, M.J., James, R. and Englehardt, E., 2013.Engineering ethics: Concepts and cases. Cengage Learning. Hondius, E., 2016. Unfair Contract Terms and the Consumer: ECJ Case Law, Foreign Literature, and Their Impact on Dutch Law.European Review of Private Law,24(3), pp.457-472. Jacobsen, J., 2016. DMADV Project Saves $2 Million for Brazilian Mining Company. McKendrick, E., 2014.Contract law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press (UK). Micklitz, H.W. and Reich, N., 2014. The court and sleeping beauty: The revival of the Unfair Contract Terms Directive (UCTD).Common market law review,51(3), pp.771-808. Miranda, L.S. and Marques, A.C., 2016. Hidden impacts of the Samarco mining waste dam collapse to Brazilian marine fauna-an example from the staurozoans (Cnidaria).Biota Neotropica,16(2). O'Sullivan, J. and Hilliard, J., 2016.The law of contract. Oxford University Press. Poole, J., 2016.Textbook on contract law. Oxford University Press. Schoenberger, E., 2016. Environmentally sustainable mining: The case of tailings storage facilities.Resources Policy,49, pp.119-128.

The Anti-Trust Case Against Microsoft Essays - AOL,

The Anti-Trust Case Against Microsoft Since 1990, a battle has raged in United States courts between the United States government and the Microsoft Corporation out of Redmond, Washington, headed by Bill Gates. What is at stake is money. The federal government maintains that Microsoft's monopolistic practices are harmful to United States citizens, creating higher prices and potentially downgrading software quality, and should therefore be stopped, while Microsoft and its supporters claim that they are not breaking any laws, and are just doing good business. Microsoft's antitrust problems began for them in the early months of 1990(Check 1), when the Federal Trade Commission began investigating them for possible violations of the Sherman and Clayton Antitrust Acts,(Maldoom 1) which are designed to stop the formation of monopolies. The investigation continued on for the next three years without resolve, until Novell, maker of DR-DOS, a competitor of Microsoft's MS-DOS, filed a complaint with the Competition Directorate of the European Commission in June of 1993. (Maldoom 1) Doing this stalled the investigations even more, until finally in August of 1993, (Check 1)the Federal Trade Commission decided to hand the case over to the Department of Justice. The Department of Justice moved quickly, with Anne K. Bingaman, head of the Antitrust Division of the DOJ, leading the way.(Check 1) The case was finally ended on July 15, 1994, with Microsoft signing a consent settlement.(Check 1) The settlement focused on Microsoft's selling practices with computer manufacturers. Up until now, Microsoft would sell MS-DOS and Microsoft's other operating systems to original equipment manufacturers (OEM's) at a 60% discount if that OEM agreed to pay a royalty to Microsoft for every single computer that they sold (Check 2) regardless if it had a Microsoft operating system installed on it or not. After the settlement, Microsoft would be forced to sell their operating systems according to the number of computers shipped with a Microsoft operating system installed, and not for computers that ran other operating systems. (Check 2) Another practice that the Justice Department accused Microsoft of was that Microsoft would specify a minimum number of minimum number of operating systems that the retailer had to buy, thus eliminating any chance for another operating system vendor to get their system installed until the retailer had installed all of the Microsoft operating systems that it had installed.(Maldoom 2) In addition to specifying a minimum number of operating systems that a vendor had to buy, Microsoft also would sign contracts with the vendors for long periods of time such as two or three years. In order for a new operating system to gain popularity, it would have to do so quickly, in order to show potential buyers that it was worth something. With Microsoft signing long term contracts, they eliminated the chance for a new operating system to gain the popularity needed, quickly.(Maldoom 2) Probably the second most controversial issue, besides the per processor agreement, was Microsoft's practice of tying. Tying was a practice in which Microsoft would use their leverage in one market area, such as graphical user interfaces, to gain leverage in another market, such as operating systems, where they may have competition.(Maldoom 2) In the preceding example, Microsoft would use their graphical user interface, Windows, to sell their operating system, DOS, by offering discounts to manufacturers that purchased both MS-DOS and Windows, and threatening to not sell Windows to companies who did not also purchase DOS. In the end, Microsoft decided to suck it up and sign the settlement agreement. In signing the agreement, Microsoft did not actually have to admit to any of the alleged charges, but were able to escape any type of formal punishment such as fines and the like. The settlement that Microsoft agreed to prohibits it, for the next six and a half years from: * Charging for its operating system on the basis of computer shipped rather than on copies of MS-DOS shipped; * Imposing minimum quantity commitments on manufacturers; * Signing contracts for greater than one year; * Tying the sale of MS_DOS to the sale of other Microsoft products;(Maldoom 1) Although these penalties look to put an end to all of Microsoft's evil practices, some people think that they are not harsh enough and that Microsoft should have been split up to put a stop to any chance of them forming a true monopoly of the operating system market and of the entire software market. On one side of the issue, there are the people who feel that Microsoft should be left alone, at least for the time being. I am one of these